In the fierce conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the Russian army's "Geranium-2" suicide UAV quickly became the new favorite of the war with its unique combat mode and remarkable battlefield effect. With its low cost, high efficiency and powerful destructive power, this UAV has changed the face of traditional warfare and has had a profound impact on the tactics and strategy of modern warfare. The design concept, performance parameters and battlefield application of "Geranium-2" UAV are worth our in-depth discussion. According to the New York Times, Russia has begun using its own copy of the Iranian suicide drone "Geranium-2" on the battlefield, which has played an important role in the battlefield with its low cost and high range. It has a tailleless delta wing layout, uses parts readily available on the civilian market, carries a 50 HP two-stroke gasoline engine, can fly at a maximum speed of 185 km/h, and carries a 50 kg charge. The deployment of such drones has not only caused substantial damage to Ukraine's military facilities, but also exerted enormous pressure on the Ukrainian army at the psychological level. Technological evolution: from imitation to independent innovation "Geranium-2" UAV's predecessor is Iran's "Witness -136", but it has undergone significant technological upgrades in Russia's localization improvement. This improvement process involves a number of core components of the UAV, reflecting the deep strength and innovative spirit of the Russian military industry. First of all, in the material application, Russia uses fiberglass composite materials, replacing the original lightweight honeycomb materials, such a change not only enhances the structural strength of the UAV, but also reduces the overall weight, improving mobility and survivability. Secondly, in terms of electronic modules, the Russian army equipped the "Pelargoni-2" with homemade B-105 satellite navigation unit, B-101 flight control unit and B-103 start unit, and the integrated design of these modules reduces the internal complexity of the UAV, while improving the reliability and anti-interference ability of the system. In addition, the Russian army also introduced the "Kometa" satellite navigation module, which enhances the navigation accuracy and stability of the UAV. The integration and innovation of these technologies make the "Geranium-2" have higher combat effectiveness and adaptability while maintaining low cost.

The Gerargoni-2's B-101 flight control unit, the "Witness 136" suicide drone, was first seen in conflict in the Middle East, and has since been introduced and copied and improved by Russia. In the practical application on the Ukrainian battlefield, the Russian army has conducted a lot of tests on it, constantly collected data, analyzed the performance of the UAV in various battlefield environments, and carried out targeted technical iterations on the basis of this. Through the accumulation of these combat experiences, the Russian army has not only optimized the flight performance of the "Geranium-2", but also enhanced its attack accuracy and battlefield survivability. Battlefield Advantage: Cost-effectiveness The design and use of the "Geranium-2" UAV reflects the importance of cost-effectiveness in modern warfare. Its biggest advantage is the low cost of manufacturing, which allows the Russian army to mass-produce and deploy such drones in a short time, forming a numerical advantage on the battlefield. The low cost features come from the civilian market parts used and the simplified manufacturing process, which together make the cost of the "Geranium-2" much lower than traditional military equipment.

This cost advantage allows the Russian military to adopt saturation attack tactics on the battlefield, even if some drones are intercepted or shot down by the enemy, they can maintain enough attack force to cause sustained pressure on the enemy. The low-cost manufacturing of the "Geranium-2" is one of its most notable features. According to the US Theater website, the drone costs less than 50,000 yuan, which is extremely rare in modern military equipment. The low cost allows the Russian military to quickly expand its fleet of UAVs without imposing a significant financial burden. In addition, due to the use of a large number of civilian parts and mature manufacturing technology, "Geranium-2" has a short production cycle and can quickly respond to battlefield needs for large-scale production. On the battlefield of Russia and Ukraine, this rapid production and deployment capability enables the Russian army to launch multiple waves of attacks on important targets of the Ukrainian army in a short period of time, greatly improving combat efficiency.

Another major advantage of the Russian Army's "Geranium-2" UAV production workshop "Geranium-2" is its rapid deployment and easy operation. The UAV is designed with a focus on practicality and convenience, allowing it to quickly deploy and perform missions on the battlefield. Operators need only basic training to master their flight and attack operations, which significantly lowers the threshold for use. In actual combat, this simple operation allows the "Geranium-2" to quickly respond to changes in the battlefield and strike enemy targets in time. For example, in the Ukrainian battlefield, the Russian army used the "Geranium-2" to carry out a number of successful attacks on the Ukrainian rear infrastructure, effectively weakening the combat effectiveness of the Ukrainian army.

The Geranium-2 UAV is ready to launch the Geranium-2's rapid deployment capabilities, making it a surprise on the battlefield. The UAV can be launched by a simple launch vehicle, and the launch preparation time is short, can quickly react to enemy targets. In the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the Russian military used this advantage to carry out precision strikes on Ukraine's key infrastructure such as energy facilities, substations and power plants, causing heavy losses to the Ukrainian side. The rapid deployment capability of "Geranium-2" also makes the application of "Geranium-2" more flexible on the battlefield, which can quickly adjust the attack strategy and target selection according to the changes in the battlefield situation. This advantage of rapid deployment and easy operation provides the Russian army with more tactical options on the battlefield, enhancing its operational flexibility and unpredictability. "Swarm" tactics: The use of the Ukrainian army's nightmare "Geranium-2" suicide drones in clusters, the so-called "swarm" tactics, on the Russian and Ukrainian battlefields shows its potential to transform quantitative advantage into qualitative advantage. This tactic, through the concentrated use of a large number of low-cost UAVs, forms a great challenge to enemy air defense systems, but also poses a serious threat to infantry.

The use of the "swarm" tactic of the "Geranium-2" UAV cluster makes it difficult for a single air defense system to track and intercept all targets at the same time, thus improving the penetration probability of the UAV. The effectiveness of this tactic was verified on the Ukrainian battlefield, where the Russian army successfully attacked key targets such as energy facilities, substations and power plants in Ukraine through the cluster attack of "Geranium-2", causing heavy losses to the Ukrainian side.

"Geranium-2" damage force equivalent to heavy artillery shells "swarm" tactics not only caused physical damage to the enemy, but also caused great pressure on the enemy soldiers psychologically. The constant threat of drones makes soldiers nervous and fearful all the time, and this psychological pressure seriously affects soldiers' morale and combat effectiveness. In addition, the low-cost nature of UAVs makes it possible for the Russian military to withstand these losses even if some of them are intercepted or shot down Maintain high pressure on Ukrainian forces. In conclusion, the extensive application of the "Geranium-2" suicide UAV in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine not only shows its tactical value in modern war, but also causes deep thinking about the future war form. The successful use of this UAV reflects the concept of low-cost, efficient operations, but also highlights the "swarm" tactics in the psychological and physical levels of the enemy posed by the dual pressure.

With the development of technology, future warfare will rely more on unmanned combat platforms and intelligent systems. This also presents a clear development direction for our military: we need to deeply analyze the application experience of unmanned aerial systems such as the Pelargonium-2 to explore more efficient combat modes and defense strategies. Accelerate the development of UAVs and related counter-drone technologies to meet the needs of future warfare, ensure national security and maintain military superiority. We need to deeply analyze the application experience of unmanned aerial systems such as the "Geranium-2" to explore more efficient combat modes and defense strategies.

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